Seacology Island Environment Blog

Islands 101: Ocean Zones & Important Species

2010-03-11T18:30:17Z

Welcome back to Seacology's "Islands 101" blog series! Knowing that not everyone eats, sleeps, and breathes islands, we've put together some basic information to help bring you up to speed on the ins and outs of island conservation. If you haven't already, check out our first "Islands 101" post, which covered island geography and ecosystems.

]]> Identifying Ocean Zones

Scientists have identified several zones within the ocean, representing differing marine biomes. The most important for island ecology are the littoral and pelagic. More about ocean zones can be found here.

Littoral Zone: The littoral zone refers to the area of the ocean near the coast. This zone is important because it acts as a bridge between terrestrial and marine ecosystems, much like wetlands. Wildlife species found in the littoral zone include mollusks, crustaceans, seabirds, small fish, and some plants. Additionally, many pelagic animals (see below) use the littoral zone for feeding or nesting. One such animal is the sea turtle, many species of which are endangered due to loss of nesting habitat. Seacology works in the Caribbean and on other island locations around the world to protect littoral zones that are critical for sea turtle survival.

Pelagic Zone: The pelagic zone refers to open-water ocean areas but does not include the deep ocean zones. A wide variety of fish and marine mammals live in the pelagic zone, including tuna, dolphins, and sharks. Although most Seacology projects focus on littoral areas closer to islands, all marine ecosystems are highly interdependent and many pelagic species, like the sea turtles described above, depend on the littoral zone for feeding and nesting.

Important Types of Species

While all living species are important for the health of the earth, some are particularly significant for robust ecosystems.

Keystone Species: Keystone species serve critical roles in their ecosystems, with many other species depending on them for survival. Coral is an example of a keystone species; without coral, the invertebrates, fish, and other wildlife in coral reefs lose their home and cannot survive.

Endemic Species: An endemic species is one that is exclusive to a certain location. For example, the Madagascar Flying Fox is endemic to Madagascar. Surrounded by water, islands evolve independently of other regions, and are therefore often home to many endemic species. Seacology works to protect endemic species like the Madagascar Flying Fox, since these cannot be found anywhere else on the planet.

Indigenous Species: An indigenous species is one native to a certain ecosystem. Unlike endemic species, indigenous species may be found in multiple locations. Nonetheless, it is important to preserve the native habitat of indigenous species, since they may have trouble surviving in other areas.

Invasive Species: Also referred to as introduced, alien, or exotic species, an invasive species is one that is not native to a specific region. Often, these species can upset the ecosystem's natural balance, causing harm to many native plants and animals. Seacology has funded projects that seek to eradicate invasive species from sensitive island habitats, restoring the ecosystem to its natural state.

Images from Wikimedia Commons

The Exotic Lakshadweep Islands

2010-03-03T22:28:56Z

The palm covered islands of Lakshadweep make up what is arguably the least known part of India. These 36 islands, totaling a mere 18 square miles, lie 180 miles off of India's western coast. Ninety-three percent of the 60,000 residents are Muslim giving these islands their own distinct culture. Nonetheless, mention the Lakshadweeps to experienced travel agents in the U.S. and you are likely to be greeted by vacant stares. Very few visitors come here from the U.S. and in fact special permits are needed to visit all but a few of the Lakshadweep Islands.

After a 90 minute flight from the subcontinent, our small group was met on the island of Agatti by Seacology's newest field representative, Vineeta Hoon. We were escorted to our boat by several locals performing a traditional knife dance (pictured right). We then boarded a boat for a two hour ride to Bangaram Island, our home for the next few days.

]]> In the Lakshadweeps Seacology has supported two projects. On Kavaratti Island Seacology funded the construction of an environmental education center in exchange for the establishment of a 500-acre marine protected area. On Minicoy Island we funded both a museum and guard post in exchange for a 2,471-acre marine and mangrove protected area. As previously mentioned, special permits are needed to visit these islands and given Indian's propensity for red tape they are not easy to obtain. In fact just one month before our arrival the President of India came to the Lakshadweeps and she was denied permission to meet with residents on some of the islands! Unfortunately like the President of India our permits were not forthcoming. Instead we had Jafer Hishan and marine biologist Idrees of Lakshadweep Marine Research and Conservation Centre (LMRCC) come to Bangaram to brief us on the progress of the projects, both of which are going well.(That's Jafer briefing us in the adjacent photo.)

In addition to their nightly briefing, Jafer and Idrees presented Seacology gifts from the respective islands. Below left, Jafer and Idrees present a painting from Kavaratti; below right, Jafer and Vineeta present a model of a traditional Minicoy boat to Seacology board member Marsha Williams.

The next day several of us went scuba diving to check up on the health of the local marine ecosystems. The news was decidedly mixed. Much of the coral reef had died due to an El Nido/global warming incident of several years ago. Coral can only live in a narrow temperature range and if the water becomes too warm the coral dies. Some of the corals were, however, starting to regenerate. The fish life was doing fine. We came across many nurse sharks, octopuses, turtles, Napoleon wrasse, etc. To mark the importance of preserving reefs we unfurled a "Save Our Reefs" banner underwater. That's me on the top left of the banner (pictured right, courtesy of Vineeta Hoon). Putting this "Save Our Reefs' slogan into immediate action, Seacology group members Marsha Williams and Stefanie Coyote spent several hours freeing a trapped turtle from a drifting fishing net.

We ended our sojourn by visiting a local school on Agatti. Below left, the Seacology group in a classroom; below right, the Seacology group with the principal outside of the school. Many of the students were dockside to see us off after our visit (pictured bottom). A perfect ending to a beautiful stay in the Lakshadweeps.

Seacology Joins the International Year of Biodiversity

2010-02-26T17:45:19Z

In 2010, Seacology joins the United Nations and many international conservation organizations as a partner of the "International Year of Biodiversity," with the purpose of celebrating and safeguarding the variety of life on earth. Working within this worldwide network, we hope to highlight the importance of preserving biodiversity, and particularly the ecological richness found on islands where Seacology works.

]]> Why Biodiversity?

Coined by Seacology's own scientific advisor, Harvard biologist Edward O. Wilson, "biodiversity" literally means the variety of life. The richness and great breadth of all plant, animal, fungi, and other life on earth have evolved to exist in an elegant balance, with each organism fulfilling its own niche. All species live, use, and interact with other life forms--to such an extent that our planet is a massive web of biological relationships, and we are hardly aware of the countless plants and animals on which our survival depends.

Preserving the world's biodiversity is important for several reasons:

Although scientists have identified approximately 1.75 million species, millions more remain undiscovered--estimates range from 3 to 100 million total species. Undoubtedly, many of these life forms contain valuable resources and information for humans--from cancer-fighting plants to ant-inspired lessons on community, there is much to be gained from our fellow creatures.
Species themselves are highly interdependent. While most of us would be reluctant to see the formidable sea turtle become extinct, few realize that its existence is dependent on less glamorous mollusks and crustaceans that are currently threatened by overfishing, pollution, and climate change. Saving one species requires protecting the entire ecosystem in which they live.
Beyond their tangible benefit to humans and other species, all life forms have inherent dignity and value. Protecting biodiversity ensures the continued survival of all the earth's creatures, and the health of our planet as a whole.

Island Biodiversity

Why has Seacology joined the Year of Biodiversity? Isolated by vast oceans, island environments often develop specialized ecosystems highly sensitive to variations in climate as well as introduced species, pollution and other challenges. The extinction crisis facing ecosystems around the world is most threatening on islands, where over 75 percent of recent animal extinctions have occurred, and the coral reef, mangrove forests, and rainforests that host these fragile flora and fauna are now among the planet's most imperiled environments.

Seacology's mission is to preserve the biodiversity on these fragile islands. We achieve this goal with our innovative and community-based model of conservation, which elicits the support of islanders themselves in protecting their natural environment. In the International Year of Biodiversity, Seacology joins with the United Nations and other conservation organizations to celebrate and protect biodiversity on islands and in other ecosystems worldwide.

One Cubic Foot of Biodiversity

2010-02-19T17:26:48Z

Last week, I had the pleasure of attending an exhibit of photographer David Littschwager's work at Cavallo Point Lodge near Sausalito, California. Littschwager is known for his images of flora and fauna around the world. His most recent work, known as "One Cubic Foot," depicts wildlife from ecosystems worldwide. In each location, Littschwager photographed every species he could find in a cubic foot. The resulting images are a lifelike index of biodiversity. When blown up in proportion, the tiny beetles, crabs, and centipedes are revealed in their true glory; many of these creatures boast vibrant colors and patterns that would be unnoticed without Littschwager's perceptive lens.

]]> The exhibit at Cavallo Point featured images taken on the island of Moorea in French Polynesia, where Seacology has provided support for a marine reserve and which we recently visited on an expedition to French Polynesia. On Moorea, Littschwager collaborated with the Moorea Biocode Project, an impressive undertaking supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The goal of the project is to create a library of every plant, animal, and fungi species on the island of Moorea. With Littschwager finding so many creatures in just one cubic foot, the biocode project certainly has its work cut out. When they finish, the project will be a valuable resource for ecologists, marine biologists, and island enthusiasts alike.

On Moorea, Littschwager chose to depict the biodiversity found in one of the island's coral reefs. His images include clams, starfish, crabs, and other marine wildlife, many of which are strikingly beautiful. They are a powerful reminder of just how many amazing plants and animals are protected in every cubic foot that Seacology supports.

If you are near the Bay Area, be sure to stop by Cavallo Point to see Littschwager's exhibit. You can also see his work in the March 2010 issue of National Geographic, or on the magazine's website.

Image from Wikimedia Commons

Saving the Seas, One Reserve at a Time

2010-02-11T21:18:44Z

Conservationists and snorkeling fans alike will be excited at one of the newest marine reserves--Lundy Island, off the southwest coast of Great Britain, is now recognized as the UK's first official marine conservation zone. Dubbed "Britain's Galapagos" for the rich marine life it shelters, the island was privately owned until 1969, when it became part of the National Trust. Although it has been a protected location since then, it recently became the first protected marine area under Britain's new Marine and Coastal Access Act. With this new legislation, Britain hopes to increase protection of marine wildlife and habitat. Like oceans around the world, the waters around Britain currently face a major overfishing crisis, with many of the native fish stocks severely threatened. As the government and national conservation groups work to reverse this trend before it is too late, reserves such as the one on Lundy Island are critical to restoring natural balance in Britain's marine ecosystems.

]]> Exactly which animals are being protected on Lundy Island? The island is home to much of

Britain

's marine life, including puffins and other seabirds, as well as the Atlantic Gray Seal, and many species of seaweed, sponges, and other marine wildlife. As the first of many marine conservation zones in Britain, the island is an important part of marine biologist Sylvia Earle's vision for a worldwide network of marine protected areas. As Earle notes, protecting the oceans is important for all life on earth. With less than 1% of the world's oceans currently protected, it is imperative that we recognize the importance of creating reserves around Lundy Island and in other marine areas.

Although most of Seacology's projects protect islands in the southern hemisphere, if Earle's vision is realized, the protected area around Lundy Island could connect with a Seacology reserve in the South Pacific, thousands of miles away. Not only would a network of MPAs protect marine wildlife around the world, but it might give Lundy's seals a chance for a long-awaited tropical vacation!

(Photo from Cardigan Coast and Country)

Islands 101: Geography & Ecosystems

2010-02-05T00:05:53Z

For those of us relatively new to island conservation, picking up on all the island lingo can be tricky. What is an atoll? (And how do you say it?) How do you know if a species is endemic or just indigenous? And why are mangroves so important?

To answer these and other questions, I've compiled an island cheat-sheet. Read on for the first post in Seacology U's Islands 101 lecture series!

]]> Island Geography

While some island features, such as mountains and beaches, are well-known, others might be less familiar to land-lubbers.

Archipelago An archipelago is a cluster of small islands. There are hundreds of archipelagos around the world; the largest, Indonesia, has been the site of many Seacology projects. Archipelagos are often formed when underwater volcanic activity causes magma to create rock formations that eventually reach the water's surface.

Atoll: An atoll is an island of coral that encircles a lagoon partially or completely. Many of the islands where Seacology works are atolls, such as Manihiki Atoll in the Cook Islands. Like other island types, atolls are formed from the subsidence of an ocean volcano. Corals grow around an underwater mountain or volcano, gradually building upwards toward the water surface, while the mountain sinks. Eventually, the layers of dead coral become islands surrounding a lagoon. And it's normally pronounced A-toll, as in "Yay, toll for this island is free!" You can see an example of an atoll in the picture to the left, and find more information on them here.

Lagoon: Though not exclusive to islands, lagoons form in atolls and near other island features. Lagoons are shallow pools, with either salty or brackish water, that are separated from the ocean by thin barriers, such as sandbanks or coral. While many beautiful creatures can be found in lagoons, Seacology's projects, such as our work in the Cook Islands, focus protecting highly productive lagoon ecosystems from exploitation or development.

Island Ecosystems

Although islands host a wide range of environments, Seacology's work often focuses on certain critical ecosystems.

Coral Reefs: Coral reefs are complex and highly biodiverse marine ecosystems. They are built on corals, an animal whose calcium carbonate exoskeleton forms a strong foundation for other underwater plants and animals. Reefs are usually found in shallow tropical waters, although some deep water reefs exist. They are highly sensitive to climate change, since increased carbon dioxide in the oceans (from released greenhouse gases) prevents the coral from properly forming the exoskeleton, which causes harm to the entire ecosystem. With the many threats to coral reefs today, Seacology has frequently funded coral protection projects, such as one Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea. You can learn more about ocean acidification here.

Mangrove: Mangrove can refer to a specific type of tree; usually, however, the term "mangrove" indicates the wetland ecosystem that mangrove trees foster. Adapted to thrive in salt water wetlands, mangrove swamps (also called mangrove forests) are found on tropical coastlines around the world. The large roots of mangrove trees keep the trees anchored through regular tidal changes in water level, while other adaptations allow them to access oxygen, release excess salt, and bear seeds that will grow even in the harsh wetland climate. (You can see these unique roots in the picture at right, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.) Like other wetland ecosystems, mangroves are critical because of their ability to filter contaminants and protect coasts from erosion. They also serve as fish nurseries, providing important habitat for many young fish. Mangroves are currently threatened by coastal development, overfishing, harvesting of trees, and climate change. Seacology and many other organizations are encouraging mangrove restoration projects that will renew these fragile ecosystems and protect their islands.

Rainforest: Most people associate rainforest with the Amazon or Congo, the world's largest tropical rainforests. But much of the world's rainforests can also be found on islands--Indonesia alone has 10% of the remaining tropical rainforest. Since rainforests are the most biodiverse terrestrial ecosystem in the world, preserving them is critical to the health of the planet. Seacology has funded many projects protecting rainforests in Indonesia and on other islands.

Duane Silverstein Wins the Jefferson Awards

2010-01-28T23:01:36Z

At Seacology's headquarters, our greatest reward is receiving the field reports from our island projects. The knowledge that we are preserving new acres of land and water every day, while helping island communities attain a higher quality of life, inspires us daily. Even so, it's always nice to get outside approval for our work, which is why we are proud to announce that Seacology's very own Executive Director Duane Silverstein was recently awarded the Jefferson Award in recognition of his dedication to protecting islands.

]]> Founded in 1972 by Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, U.S. Senator Robert Taft, Jr,. and public servant Sam Beard, the Jefferson Awards were created to honor public service leaders across the country. The awards recognize both national and local leaders, with past nation recipients including the late Senator Edward M. Kennedy, Oprah Winfrey, and Rev. Jesse Jackson. (A full list of recipients can be found here.)

Duane Silverstein is being awarded the local Jefferson Award by the Bay Area's CBS-5 news team. CBS-5 describes the Jefferson Awards recipients as "ordinary people who do extraordinary things without expectation of recognition or reward." In honoring these leaders, they hope to "inspire others to become involved in community and public service."

CBS-5 reporter Kate Kelly recently interviewed Duane about the journey that led him to Seacology. It was a snorkeling expedition that first inspired him: "I put my head with a snorkel and mask in the water, and my life was changed immediately," Duane says. Since then, he's spent his life fighting for environmental causes, and for the last 10 years, his leadership of Seacology has preserved thousands of acres of island habitat.

You can see Duane's interview and read the full article on the CBS-5 website, at:

http://cbs5.com/jeffersonawards/Jefferson.Awards.Silverstein.2.1455351.html

Congratulations, Duane!

Exploring Minicoy

2010-01-15T22:49:44Z

Almost too small to be found on a map, Minicoy Island is part of the Lakshadweep archipelago, a cluster of islands off the western coast of India. But Minicoy's size is no indicator of its cultural wealth. With a rich history dating back hundreds of years, Minicoy has much to offer in its food, natural history, and local traditions.

]]> Archaeological evidence suggests that Minicoy was inhabited by Buddhist settlers over 800 years ago. However, it was not until the late thirteenth century that Minicoy was noticed by western explorers, when Marco Polo visited and noted the island's rare matrilineal system. Matrilineal customs continue today, with men frequently returning to their mothers' homes to partake in family meals. The island was controlled by Great Britain for several decades, and is now part of India. Though sharing Muslim religion and a common language with the nearby Maldives, Minicoy boasts plenty of its own distinct cultural traditions.

Recently, Minicoyans celebrated their heritage at the Minicoy Island Festival, organized by the Centre for Action Research on Environment Science and Society (CARESS), an Indian nonprofit group. Intended to familiarize outsiders with the island's culture, the week-long festival highlighted Minicoy's unique customs and cuisines. The traditional Minicoyan dishes served at the festival included rie riha (red fish curry), kavaabu (kebab), teluli mas (fried fish), tora riha (ridge gourd curry), burubo riha (pumpkin curry), huli bashi (sour brinjal). As an island, Minicoy has historically been dependent on fish, and the locals have developed a method of creating hikimas, or dried fish. In addition to food, festival visitors viewed traditional crafts, such as vibrantly carved and painted coconut scrapers, ladles, and other kitchen tools. Brightly colored traditional Minicoyan outfits were also on display.

Wealthy in natural as well as cultural resources, Minicoyans are very aware of their environment. As part of an atoll, Minicoy rests on coral reefs and borders a saltwater lagoon, both of which are high in biodiversity. In this age of globalization, Minicoy is a beacon of sustainability, having recognized the fragility of their marine surroundings and implementing self-imposed fishing restrictions to prevent overfishing and habitat destruction.

Seacology recently collaborated with CARESS to support a project on Minicoy. With Seacology's funds, the islanders are constructing a natural and cultural heritage museum, which will enable them to preserve their history and traditions. In exchange for Seacology's support, Minicoy has agreed to protect almost 2,500 acres of marine and mangrove habitat. We are so thrilled to be helping to preserve the environment and culture of such a vibrant community!

Staying Afloat in Copenhagen

2009-12-09T23:29:25Z

A cabinet meeting underwater? It sounds like a joke, but on small island nations like the Maldives, rising sea levels mean life underwater may soon be a reality. Along with other island leaders, the Maldives' President Mohamed Nasheed has been an outspoken supporter of emissions cuts and other moves to combat climate change. In October, he held a cabinet meeting 16 feet underwater to raise awareness of the rising sea levels that threaten his country. This month, he joins hundreds of other politicians, businessmen, and environmental leaders from around the world in Copenhagen, Denmark, to discuss climate change and its potentially dire consequences.

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The expected rise in oceans caused by climate change threatens the very existence of islands such as the Maldives, where the entire nation is no more than 7 feet above sea level. Even if some of the islands remain intact, rising sea levels may infiltrate their fresh water supply and render the area uninhabitable. Island residents have begun preparing for evacuation, and President Nasheed and other island leaders have long been vocal supporters of strong climate change policy.

Other issues related to climate change have a disproportionate impact on small islands. With the warming of the oceans, acidification is destroying many coral reefs, which are some of the most biodiverse ecosystems on the planet and the foundation for atolls. Changes in global temperature are expected to bring increased ocean storms to many regions of the world, wrecking havoc on vulnerable islands. Because of their self-contained ecosystems, islands often harbor highly sensitive species whose populations are soon endangered by environmental changes. And many island communities lack the financial support to address the challenges of climate change

Unfortunately for the Maldives and other islands, the political clout of small island nations at the Copenhagen talks is hard pressed to compete with that of major world players like the United States. Not only do their smaller sizes and economies give them less prestige, but many small nations are already indebted to larger ones for financial support, making speaking out politically dangerous. Some less powerful delegates at the Copenhagen conference are considering extreme measures like public walkouts if the agreements don't bring substantial change.

As the talks continue in Copenhagen, only time will tell where the fate of small island nations lies. Climate change is an urgent issue for the entire planet, but for islands like the Maldives, the midnight hour is approaching rapidly.

French Polynesia Travel

2009-11-03T22:03:49Z

I just returned from an interesting and exciting trip to French Polynesia. The main purpose of my voyage was to attend the official opening of Seacology's latest project on the beautiful island of Moorea. But on this trip I was wearing many hats. In addition to my role as executive director of Seacology I was also an island "expert" lecturer on a Zegrahm Expedition cruise throughout French Polynesia. Zegrahm is one of the world's leading exploratory cruise companies. What makes a cruise an exploratory cruise as opposed to the more typical drink, eat and gamble 3,000 passenger cruises? As the name implies we stopped at many remote destinations including islands that had not received tourists for many years. An exploratory cruise also features numerous snorkeling, diving, hiking, birding and cultural events. Furthermore an exploratory cruise such as the one I was on has many lectures throughout the day on the history, geography, culture, fish and birds of the many places we visited. Finally, exploratory cruises take place on smaller ships such as the Clipper Odyssey which I traveled on with a maximum capacity of 110 passengers (pictured above left).

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This voyage took us from Papeete on the island of Tahiti to the low lying atolls of the Tuamotu islands. The diving and snorkeling were spectacular particularly at the less visited islands of Motu Tunga and Raroia. From there it was up to the Marquesas, one of the most beautiful and most isolated island groups in the South Pacific. In fact the Marquesas lie farther from a continental coast than any other island group in the world - 3,400 miles from the west coast of South America. Viewing the tomb of Paul Gauguin and the ancient Polynesian temples (marae) was fascinating. From there we sailed down to the Tuamotus. Rangiroa is the world's third biggest atoll with a lagoon over 25 miles in width. Diving the pass where the ocean empties in and out of the lagoon is a real thrill ride. Birders enjoyed viewing one of the world's rarest bird species.

After a stop in the beautiful but very touristy Bora Bora we made it to Moorea. This is one of the world's most breathtaking islands. Some think it is the inspiration for James Michener's Bali Hai. Here, Seacology provided funding for the Atitia Center, built like an old style fare (house) with open sides and a thatched roof (pictured above right). The building, which will be used to promote environmental conservation and for instruction about traditional cultural practices, lies at the edge of the property of the Gump Research Station of the University of California, Berkeley. The local organization Te Pu Atitia is dedicated to preserving the environment and culture of French Polynesia much as Seacology has the same goals for islands throughout the world. The partnership between Seacology, Te Pu Atitia and the Gump Station was ideal.

Te Pu Atitia knows how to throw a great party. The several hundred guests were greeted by local dancers. After I cut the ribbon to officially open the Atitia center (above left) there were speeches from the environmental minister of French Polynesia, the Mayor of Moorea (both pictured above with me cutting the ribbon of flowers) and board member Kimo Campbell of Seacology. We then watched a performance of traditional Polynesian dance (right). When I say traditional, I mean it. This was no Kodak Hula Show at Waikiki. The hakas, or chants, were performed just as they were hundreds of years ago. It was then time for the opening of the traditional Polynesian earth oven (left). The food was delicious and the hospitality was great. After some demonstrations of Polynesian crafts, such as tapa cloth making, President Oscar Temaru of French Polynesia made closing comments (pictured center below with Kimo Campbell and Duane Silverstein).

The Zegrahm cruise throughout French Polynesia was fantastic. The opening of the Atitia Center was the cherry on top of this sundae making this an unforgettable adventure.

An Island Hero

2009-10-16T19:27:37Z

A decade ago, when Filip Damen taught himself to read and write to defend his homeland forest in the Madang Province of Papua New Guinea, he never dreamed it was the beginning of a journey that would take him across the ocean to San Francisco, California. Last Thursday, October 8, Mr. Damen's undaunted environmentalism was honored with a reception and $10,000 award at the 17^th annual Seacology Prize Ceremony at the Aquarium of the Bay in San Francisco.

The Seacology Prize highlights the heroic efforts of people who seldom receive any publicity - indigenous leaders who risk their own lives and well-being to protect their island's ecosystems and culture. Since the inception of the Prize in 1992, Seacology has given the award to 18 native islanders in recognition of their innovative and courageous work.

Left, prize winner Filip Damen with Seacology Co-Founders Ken Murdock and Paul Cox.

]]> At the ceremony, Mr. Damen was accompanied by Dr. George Weiblen, a Professor of Biology at the University of Minnesota who has conducted research in Papua New Guinea for over a decade. Dr. Weiblen served as translator, conveying Mr. Damen's gratitude for the prize and passion for his native home. In addition to the presentation by Mr. Damen and Dr. Weiblen, the audience of nearly 100 also heard a speech on the history of Seacology by Executive Director Duane Silverstein, as well as remarks by Paul Cox, Seacology's Co-Founder and Chairman of the Board. Co-Founder and Board President Ken Murdock, who introduced Mr. Damen, expressed how deeply "humbled and honored" Seacology was to welcome him and "celebrate his courage and dedication."

Mr. Damen's story truly embodies the spirit of the Seacology Prize. Born and raised in the village of Wanang, he has spent a lifetime in the lowland rainforest of Papua New Guinea. Intimately familiar with the ecological, cultural, and practical value of the forest, Mr. Damen resisted the PNG government when it attempted to turn his land over to loggers ten years ago. Teaching himself to read and write, he led a group of 11 local clans to sign a historic conservation deed that defiantly protected 25,000 acres of forest from interference by loggers or the government.

Papua New Guinea's lowland tropical rainforest is an ecological wonderland. Exceeded only by the Amazon and Congo basin, it is the third largest tract of primary tropical forest left on earth. The forests play a critical role in the local environment, controlling rainfall, maintaining water supplies, and stabilizing soils in addition to hosting a rich storehouse of the planet's rare species and plants. Papua New Guinea forests are especially unique in that tribal landowners and subsistence farmers, rather than state governments or large companies, are the primary stakeholders.

Each year 2.5% of the remaining PNG rainforests is degraded by commercial logging and subsistence agriculture. Logging is systematically changing these forests forever, enticing tribal landowners with short-term cash and infrastructure. The results have a devastating effect on the traditional way of life. At the same time, refusing logging means a loss of potential income for the community. With extraordinary vision, Mr. Damen worked with the PNG government and the Bintang Research Center to use Wanang for long-term forest conservation research. This partnership ensures jobs, healthcare, and schooling for his people, while preserving their forests and cultural heritage.

Under Mr. Damen's leadership, Wanang landowners have joined an international collaboration to study the dynamics of rainforests around the globe and the rainforest's response to climate change. A new research station is providing advancement for his community. This year, the clans built classrooms out of bush materials, attracted two registered teachers and enrolled over 70 students, including many from villages in the surrounding logging concession. Mr. Damen's visionary actions have spared the forest and village of his homeland, and he continues to serve as a respected community leader and regional magistrate.

In Mr. Damen, Seacology recognized the same grassroots-inspired change that it funds in island projects worldwide. With the sole purpose of preserving the environments and cultures of islands, Seacology works locally and directly with indigenous people. Their win-win approach to conservation funds basic needs facilities or programs in exchange for the creation of terrestrial or marine protected areas. To date, Seacology has launched 194 island-based projects, saving 1,816,030 acres of marine ecosystems and 166,478 acres of increasingly rare terrestrial habitat. In return for establishing island marine and forest reserves, Seacology has helped islanders build 87 facilities such as schools, community centers, solar energy systems, and other critically-needed structures, and funded 30 programs providing scholarships, vital medical services and supplies for island communities.

Though Mr. Damen spent only a few days in California before returning to his home, his impressions of the United States will surely remain with him, just as his own remarkable story will continue to inspire Seacology's mission.

Below, Filip Damen in his native village of Wanang, Papua New Guinea.

Island Nations and the Burden of Climate Change

2009-08-06T16:57:06Z

Though Karla wrote about a great blog entry about climate change a few months back, the topic is on my mind and in the news. Yesterday, the Pacific Islands Forum convened in Cairns, Australia. This article details how leaders of seven small island nations met in advance of the forum to express their concerns over the immediate threats related to climate change, and to urge leaders of developed nations to take an aggressive stance in slashing greenhouse emissions.

I recently compiled a list of the threats that small islands face due to climate change. The threats range from the obvious - coastal inundation, intrusion of salt water into fresh water drinking supplies and crops, extreme weather events - to the less obvious, yet still potentially devastating effects - damaged crops and unpredictable harvest rates, decline in fish populations due to coral bleaching and mangrove loss, increase in vector-borne diseases such as dengue and malaria, economic insecurity and decreased tourism revenue, and cultural tensions as communities are forced to relocate. On a visit to Seacology projects in Yap, Micronesia in 2007, local leaders told me of their worries regarding the likely migration of communities from an outer atoll to the main island, where resources are already stretched. While in Vanuatu in June 2009, residents spoke of disappeared coastal landmarks and boundaries, inundated by sea water.

]]> The Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS), comprised of 43 states and observers, has been at the forefront of efforts to shape international climate policy. According to Greenpeace, China and the US are responsible for 40 percent of the world's carbon emissions. In the meantime, for tiny island nations like Tuvalu and the Marshall Islands, the enormous problems wrought by climate change are not just hypothetical.

In researching the effects of climate change on small island nations, I became quite discouraged at the enormity of the problems. We obviously all need to make changes in our personal consumption patterns and habits, though that can seem incredibly insignificant in the face of the issue's scale. In the meantime, leaders of small island states continue to send an important message to international policy-makers regarding the hardships already faced by island communities due to climate change.

People often ask what Seacology does to help island peoples in the face of climate change. Though we can't stop the sea from rising or prevent devastation from storms (I'm fairly certain no NGO can do that!), what we *can* do is direct and simple, such as fund water storage and purification systems (at left, a Seacology-funded water storage tank in Mitiaro, the Cook Islands), provide sturdy community centers that can be used as emergency shelters, build medical clinics, etc. While leaders from island nations are working tirelessly to influence international policy, small island communities are deeply concerned about their natural environments. Seacology makes a difference by partnering with these villages to improve day-to-day village conditions, while protecting vital habitats and species. If only slowing climate change were as simple....

Albert Pujols, Derek Jeter, Ichiro and Me

2009-07-17T17:05:32Z

In my previous blog I wrote about how, because of the great work of Seacology, I was selected to be to be honored by Major League Baseball (MLB) at the All-Star Game in St. Louis. After throwing out the first pitch at an Oakland A's game it was time to pack my bags and head to St. Louis. Right from the beginning it was obvious that MLB was going to treat me and my fellow All-Stars Among Us (ASAU) honorees like royalty. A driver came by my house to pick up me and my son, Robb, and of course a driver was waiting at the airport in St. Louis to take us to the Riverside Hyatt Regency. The hotel has a terrific location just beneath the Gateway Arch. We were shown to our room which was, shall we say, a bit impractical in that it did not have any (and I mean zip) drawers. When I called down to the front desk to ask if they had forgotten to put in a dresser they said "No, sir, this is the new European style." I know that some Europeans are naturalists but this was news to me that they did not travel with any clothes. For the next several days we literally lived out of our suitcases and books and magazines we were reading were left on the floor. Considering the hotel rooms were just remodeled this is one interior designer who certainly is no all-star.

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We had time to do a bit of sightseeing. The Gateway Arch is spectacular and much bigger than you might expect. The nearby Old Courthouse, the site of the infamous U.S. Supreme Court Dred Scott decision, was both fascinating and beautiful. That night it was time for the ASAU reception which took place in Ruth's Chris Steakhouse, arguably the restaurant chain with the world's oddest name. Having been there I still can't answer the question - what is a Chris Steakhouse and why did Ruth not change the name when she bought it? We arrived at the reception to find that the People magazine staff, cosponsors of the ASAU campaign, decorated the carpet with stars a la the Hollywood Walk of Fame except with the names of my fellow honorees rather than movie stars.

The reception featured speeches from the editors and publisher of People and Tim Brosnan and Jacqueline Parkes, two high level MLB executives who were responsible for the All-Stars Among Us program. Of course the highlight was getting to meet the other ASAUs, all of whom were extremely dedicated, inspiring people. On the way out of the reception we ran into Justin Verlander, the all-star pitcher of the Detroit Tigers who kindly consented to have his photo taken with Robb.

The next morning we were off to a photo shoot with Commissioner Bud Selig and Bob Costas. Bob made a bee line to fellow honoree teenager Gary Lynn who despite having cerebral palsy and being wheelchair bound, is raising money to cure this disease. The smile on Gary's face spoke volumes about how much Costas's gesture meant to him. Next it was off to the official All-Star game press conference featuring the managers and starting pitchers for the game. We were all wearing the uniforms of the teams we represent and we were introduced to the media who quickly turned their attention to probing questions such as "How does it feel to be the starting pitcher?", "How did you choose your lineup?" and "Who the heck are these people in the front row wearing baseball uniforms and what are they doing here?"

Afterwards a few players joined us for photographs. Joe Maddon, manager of the Tampa Bay Rays, was particularly accommodating and very nice.

That night we attended the Home Run Derby. I certainly can't complain about the seats as we were in the Bank of America Club which comes with unlimited food and drinks. After the homerun derby it was off to the All-Star Gala. Located in a huge tent adjacent to Busch Stadium this was quite a party. There were several different food stations each with a different theme, e.g. St. Louis blues or Chicago jazz with music and food to go along. The highlight of the evening was an appearance by Nelly. I was six feet away from the stage when he performed - not my typical concert seat in which I need binoculars to tell the headliner from the sound check person. Nelly was great but my ears are still ringing from the sound.

The next morning we took part in the traditional All-Star red carpet parade through downtown St. Louis. The streets were lined with fans (only five of whom wore A's gear) who greeted us with a combination of cheers and looks that said "speed up this float so we can see the real players." Then it was finally game time.

We were ushered onto the infield as a tribute video to the All-Stars Among Us was played. This is the first video in history in which all five living presidents took part which was quite an honor. All 44,000 fans gave us a tumultuous and prolonged standing ovation. After which the all-star players came onto the field to thank us. As a baseball fan it was a lot of fun to have Albert Pujols, Derek Jeter, Ichiro, Joe Mauer and many other players thank us for what we were doing. The players could not have been nicer and more sincere. The players stayed with us as Sheryl Crow sang the national anthem right behind us. It was then time to march off the field to a final great round of applause. Many of the fans were overcome with emotion and were crying.

This was quite an experience. Only two things would have made it better. First, it would have been nice if Seacology was mentioned in the video, though I understand there was not time to highlight all 30 recipients. Second, it would have been terrific if President Obama visited us but this was not possible due to tight security restrictions. The group of honorees has drafted a letter to President Obama offering our help for his new service initiative and hopefully he will invite us for a meeting at the White House in the near future.

To cap off a great night MLB had us all sign a ball that is headed for the Hall of Fame in Cooperstown.

All in all this was a wonderful event which will hopefully reap benefits for Seacology in years to come. One benefit is already apparent. I have made 29 new lifelong friends.

Baseball, Wrestling and Seacology

2009-07-02T17:31:57Z

You are probably thinking, what does baseball or wrestling have to do with Seacology? The tale begins a little over one month ago when former development assistant Ellen Kamoe suggested nominating me for the All-Stars Among Us (ASAU) contest. This is a joint promotion by People Magazine and Major League Baseball (MLB). The purpose of ASAU is to find 30 individuals who are helping people and causes around the world, one to represent each Major League Baseball team. The nominations would be culled by the editors of People and representatives from MLB. Three finalists would be selected for each team and there would be a two week period of public voting. I told Ellen I was flattered by the thought but please don't spend more than a few minutes of your time nominating me as I doubt if I would have much of a chance of winning a national contest.

]]> Much to my surprise, out of several thousand nominees throughout the nation I was chosen to be a finalist to represent the Oakland A's. After a few weeks of online voting - 750,000 votes were cast - I was even more surprised to find out that I won and will be representing the Oakland A's at the July 14 All-Star Game in St. Louis. Better yet, President Obama will be throwing out the first pitch there and MLB is tying his appearance to community work and the All-Stars Among Us presentation.

The next thing I know I get a message from the very friendly and very competent Bob Rose, director of media relations for the Oakland Athletics, inviting me to come out to the Coliseum to throw out the first pitch before an A's game. And what a day and night this was. Upon arrival I was interviewed about Seacology by Marty Lurie whose Right Off The Bat radio program is highly regarded throughout baseball. Marty is one of the great baseball raconteurs. I could listen to Marty talk baseball for hours which is why his show is so good. If you're interested, listen to the interview.

Afterward I went down to the dugout where I was interviewed by Robert Baun who does the Extra Innings A's post game radio show. This segment will air after the A's game on July 4. I must admit it was fun hanging out in the dugout and even using the dugout restroom whose door former A's manager Ken Macha kicked in when pitcher Joe Blanton got stuck inside. Bob Rose then presented me with an A's jersey with Seacology and the number one on the back. At least I looked like a real player. Now came the true test. I was led out onto the field to throw the first pitch. I climbed the absurdly high mound. I stared down at my catcher who was Vin Mazzaro, one of the A's hottest pitching prospects. Something is wrong here. The mound is supposed to be only sixty feet six inches away but it appears to be six hundred feet away. Did the groundskeepers measure wrong?

I went into my windup, let the ball go and ... let's just say I have renewed appreciation for any major league pitcher who can throw a strike. My pitch was inside, perhaps a bit low but with the tremendous sinking action who wouldn't have swung at it? Okay so the count is 1-0. I'll get the batter the next time. Perhaps I was just setting the batter up so he would be afraid to crowd the plate on me. Would you be leaning over the plate if you were facing a combination of Rick Ankiel (as a pitcher) and Ryne Duren?

Back in the stands I was seated just a few rows behind the dugout in back of a huge man and his rather small-of-stature companion. I don't know who they are but lots of people are approaching them for their autographs, particularly the big guy. It turns out it is John Cena, five time WWE wrestling champ. His companion is Dylan Postl, a wrestler better known by his ring names - Shortstack, Hornswoggle or Little B**tard. Cena kindly obliges the many fans seeking a photo or an autograph. Can the night get any more unusual?

Perhaps. In between innings I am interviewed on the Colisuem's big screen about the work of Seacology. But the day is still not over. I returned home to find an email waiting for me from the mayor of my home town of Albany, CA. The city council wants to honor me with a proclamation next week. A bizarre ending to a most interesting day. It's off to the All-Star game in a few weeks and I am sure I will have tales to tell when I get back.

Seychelles Seacology Travel

2009-06-30T17:18:36Z

According to the Lonely Planet guide, "Among the 115 islands that make up the Seychelles are some of the most beautiful island getaways in the Indian Ocean, or indeed the world. Here you can find the lush tropical paradise you may have seen in seductive advertisements." The group of islands around Mahe (home of the international airport and the capital city of Victoria) are made of granite while the remaining islands are coralline atolls. The Seychelles lie 1,600 kilometers off of East Africa, its nearest neighbor. As a result of this isolation the Seychelles are rich in rare plants which flourish nowhere else on the planet. Perhaps the most famous of these is the coco de mer, the world's largest coconut weighing as much as 20 kg. In addition to their prodigious size the coco de mer is famous for its rather erotic shape (pictured right). I will let readers' imaginations run wild on this but if you want to see this coconut in person head for the beautiful Vallee de Mai on the island of Praslin. I recently led a Seacology group to visit the Seychelles and some of us are still blushing after seeing these rather evocative coconuts. The Seychelles visitors bureau knows a good thing when it sees one and the coco de mer not only appears on posters and brochures everywhere but the Seychelles official passport stamp is in the shape of this naughty coconut.

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As beautiful as the beaches of the Seychelles are, and as interesting as the coco de mer may be, it was not these attractions that brought us to these Indian Ocean islands. The Seychelles are home to one of the world's most successful nature reserves - Cousin Island. Founded by BirdLife International and run by Nature Seychelles, the Cousin Island Reserve, though only 1 km in diameter, is home to 300,000 nesting seabirds. Because they are protected, the birds are not afraid of humans so you can get up close and personal with some beautiful and endangered birds. The reserve is responsible for saving the Seychelles Warbler and the Seychelles Magpie Robin from the brink of extinction. The reserve is also the western Indian Ocean's largest nesting site for hawksbill turtles. A highlight of any visit is seeing some Aldabra Giant Tortoises and whoever named them was not kidding when they used the word giant. Seacology, the world's premier NGO with the sole focus of preserving island environments, was so impressed with the critically important role Cousin Island is playing that we have supported several projects there. The waters surrounding Cousin Island are a no-take marine reserve and Seacology was pleased to provide funding for demarcation buoys so that local fishing community will know where they can and can not fish. Because Cousin Island is a major tourist attraction Seacology also provided signage (pictured above left) so visitors will understand the importance of the various bird and turtle species living on Cousin and the reserve's vital role in protecting these species. Finally, Seacology provided funding for state of the art composting toilets for rangers and visitors as another important step in keeping the ecosystem pristine.

Our visit to Cousin Island was a very moving experience. It is truly a natural paradise and reminds me of the Galapogos Islands - only smaller and prettier. Outside the Galapagos I can't think of anywhere else in the world where one can observe wildlife from such close range. We were often within a meter of some of the 300,000 Cousin island birds and not one of them seemed to care that we were there. And to see some of the birds that just a few years ago were on the verge of extinction is nothing short of miraculous. Dishon Murage, Seacology's Kenya based east Africa field representative, said of this visit, "It is such a humbling experience to see conservation success within one's own lifetime. I feel lucky to be here."

No discussion of Cousin Island would be complete without a mention of the very charasmatic and extremely competent director of Nature Seychelles, Nirmal Shah. In many ways Shah is "Mister Environment" of the Seychelles. He has followed in his father's footsteps and between the two of them they are likely responsible for almost every major environmental achievement in the Seychlles in the last 30 years. Shah is also a world recognized expert on island ecosystems. In the words of Nirmal Shah, "Many islands are, in the face of global changes, tethering on the brink of catastrophe. Because of the clear and present danger, one would have thought there would have been many dedicated organizations funding island conservation. But Seacology is the only one that has understood the vital nature of saving these precious and unique island environments."

The Seychelles are home to some of the world's most beautiful beaches. The forests and granite rock formations are breathtaking. The creole people and creole cuisine are wonderful. All of these are good reasons to visit this island paradise. If you do go, make sure you take a moment to visit the birds of Cousin Island that were saved from extinction and reflect on what an incredible environmental success story this is.